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concept-interconnectedness

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患者—分析师相互贯通（patient–analyst interconnectedness）

类型: concept
创建时间: 2026-08-29
最后更新: 2026-08-29
主来源: eshel-interconnectedness

摘要

患者—分析师相互贯通（patient–analyst interconnectedness） 指：经由分析师的临在其内与随之发展的治疗性退行（温尼科特与巴林特意义上的），双方进入另一个经验维度，并由此锻成一个本质上不可分离的二而一新实体——即 concept-withness 所称的「同在／二而一」。它是相互贯通的关联而非互动的关系，其治疗优先权是抱持与可靠性，而非诠释二者的分离性。

其最激进的认识论后果借自物理学家戴维·玻姆（David Bohm）：双方形成的是「量子式相互贯通」，其精神分析对应物可称为隐缠序（implicate order）；如同量子实在，治疗因此创造精神现实，而超越对既有被压抑现实的揭露与破译。

在机制层面，埃谢尔给出两个原创命题：其一，涵容经由相互贯通而发生——分析师的心智是患者所投射经验的经验与转化场域；其二，冒险区（venture zone）——新情绪可能性能否现实化，取决于分析师是否愿意去冒险、感受、承受并加工被重新活现的恐怖经验。

一、进入「另一个经验维度」：临在其内 + 治疗性退行

相互贯通不是被设定的目标，而是被进入的维度。其入口由两个条件共同构成：

Through the analyst’s “presencing with-in” (and the often evolving therapeutic regression, in Winnicott’s and Balint’s sense), patient and analyst enter another realm of experience—of patient–analyst interconnectedness or “withness.”

— Eshel, Withness，「WHAT KIND OF ANALYTIC PRESENCE AND “WITHNESS” WOULD THAT BE?」

Through the analyst’s presencing with-in and the evolving therapeutic regression (in Winnicott’s and Balint’s sense), patient and analyst enter another dimension of experience—the dimension of interconnectedness.

— Eshel, Interconnectedness，「THE BE(COM)ING OF A NEW DIMENSION」

注意两篇的用词差异：Withness 篇作 another realm of experience（另一个经验领域），Interconnectedness 篇作 another dimension of experience（另一个经验维度）——后者正是该文标题「Close Encounters of a New Dimension」之所指。

二、本质上的不可分离：一个活的治疗实体

Patient and analyst thereby forge a deep experiential-emotional interconnectedness, and thus a living therapeutic entity that is fundamentally inseparable into its two participants.

— Eshel, Withness，「WHAT KIND OF ANALYTIC PRESENCE AND “WITHNESS” WOULD THAT BE?」

Interconnectedness 篇的表述更强，把「相互渗透的影响」与「超越分析师单纯参与患者经验」写进定义：

They forge a deeper unity of experiential–emotional interconnectedness with interpenetrating impact upon each other. It is a cojoint, living therapeutic entity that goes beyond the mere participation of the analyst in the patient’s experience—thus transcending the confines of their separate psychic existences and the simple summation of the two.

— Eshel, Interconnectedness，「THE BE(COM)ING OF A NEW DIMENSION」

以及该篇最完整的定义句——不是一人或二人心理学，而是本质上不可分离为其两名参与者的二而一实体：

Viewed in this way, it is not a one-person or two-person psychology, but a process whereby patient and analyst become an emergent two-in-one new entity that is fundamentally inseparable into its two participants: an entity (unit or being) of interconnectedness, “twogetherness,” or “withness,” of essential inseparability.

— Eshel, Interconnectedness，「THE BE(COM)ING OF A NEW DIMENSION」

三、这不是互动关系，而是相互贯通的关联

这一点在两篇中一字不易地重复，是理解相互贯通之治疗优先权的关键：

It is an interconnected rather than interactive relatedness, a primary quality of presence that provides experience-near attunement, holding, containing, and protection, rather than interpreting patient–analyst relationships and especially patient–analyst separateness.

— Eshel, Interconnectedness，「THE BE(COM)ING OF A NEW DIMENSION」

It is primarily an interconnected relatedness, rather than an interactive relationship, and it concentrates on the ontological (being) quality of the analytic experience that is lived through with the analyst, rather than on epistemological and interpretive qualities.

— Eshel, Withness，「WHAT KIND OF ANALYTIC PRESENCE AND “WITHNESS” WOULD THAT BE?」

其取向的总原则则被自述为经验—发展性的存在、关联与生成模式：

It meant pursuing the ontological (being) dimension of experience rather than the epistemological (interpretive) dimension, and drawing on experiential–developmental modes of being, relating, and becoming, in my analytic technique and therapeutic action.

— Eshel, Interconnectedness，「THE BE(COM)ING OF A NEW DIMENSION」

四、玻姆的量子语言：隐缠序，以及治疗创造精神现实

埃谢尔为何需要物理学隐喻？她给出的理由是：量子物理的三个革命性观念——观察者与被观察者的不可分离、过程与观察条件本身的构成性效应、以及在粒子层面上支撑着我们那个分离之感知世界的未断裂整体——恰好对应于她在临床中所主张的「原则上不可分离的分析单元」：

I have called this process quantum interconnectedness (drawn from physicist David Bohm’s phrase “the quantum interconnectedness of distant systems,” 1980) in order to convey the profound implications of this quantum-like psychoanalytic counterpart. For it evokes quantum physics’ revolutionary ideas of inseparability of observer and observed, the crucial formative effect of the process itself, and the unbroken wholeness that underlies our perceived world of separateness, at the particle level (Kulka, 1997; Eshel, 2002, 2005a, 2006).

— Eshel, Interconnectedness，「THE BE(COM)ING OF A NEW DIMENSION」

她在 Withness 篇中把这一对应物正式命名为精神分析的隐缠序：

This unified counterpart in psychoanalysis may be described as the implicate order (Bohm 1980) of psychoanalysis.

— Eshel, Withness，「WHAT KIND OF ANALYTIC PRESENCE AND “WITHNESS” WOULD THAT BE?」

在 Withness 篇的一条长注中，她还给出了与经典物理／经典精神分析的对照表——线性因果、决定论、连续性、观察者与被观察对象的截然分离 vs 本质上的不可分离与不确定性：

Whereas classical physics (and classical psychoanalysis) are based on assumptions of linear causation, determinism, continuity, and sharp separation between the observer and the object under observation, quantum physics is based on essential inseparability and indeterminacy at the most fundamental levels of particles. I believe that this fundamental claim of quantum physics finds its counterpart in this dimension of the analytic process in which patient and analyst form an interconnected unit that is, in principle, inseparable.

— Eshel, Withness，「WHAT KIND OF ANALYTIC PRESENCE AND “WITHNESS” WOULD THAT BE?」注释 3

由此得出的认识论断言，两篇措辞几乎相同——治疗创造精神现实：

As in quantum reality, treatment thus creates psychic reality, and goes beyond the exposing or deciphering of an existing repressed or concealed psychic reality.

— Eshel, Interconnectedness，「THE BE(COM)ING OF A NEW DIMENSION」

As in quantum reality, treatment thus creates psychic reality, and goes beyond the exposing or deciphering of the patient’s already existing repressed or concealed psychic reality.

— Eshel, Withness，「WHAT KIND OF ANALYTIC PRESENCE AND “WITHNESS” WOULD THAT BE?」

相应地，焦点从「揭示既有脚本之内的意义与关系」移向「存在与生成的过程」：

It is a shift in emphasis from the unveiling of meaning and relationships within already existing scripts to a process of being and becoming, as a consequence of the experience of patient and analyst living the experience t(w)ogether.

— Eshel, Withness，「WHAT KIND OF ANALYTIC PRESENCE AND “WITHNESS” WOULD THAT BE?」

五、涵容经由相互贯通而发生

这是埃谢尔对涵容理论最重要的一次重述，也是 concept-containment-reverie-alpha 的竞争性修订：

It is my view that containing evolves through the interconnectedness of patient and analyst’s psyches, whereby the analyst’s psyche is used as an area of experiencing and transformation for the patient’s projected, split-off, unbearable experiences (Eshel, 2004b).

— Eshel, Interconnectedness，「THE BE(COM)ING OF A NEW DIMENSION」

Withness 篇给出了同一机制的过程描述——患者把不可承受的、被分裂出去的内在经验转移／投射进另一个心灵，而那个心灵在那里被用作经验、加工与转化的场域：

The patient is able to transfer/project unbearable, split-off inner experiences into another psyche that is there to be used as an area of experiencing, processing, and transformation.

— Eshel, Withness，「WHAT KIND OF ANALYTIC PRESENCE AND “WITHNESS” WOULD THAT BE?」

这一节对「涵容」的改写在于：在比昂的原版中，分析师的心智是一个加工装置（α功能、遐想）；在埃谢尔的版本中，分析师的心智首先是一个经验与转化的场域（an area of experiencing and transformation）——加工以「共同经验」为前提，而非以「分析师的思考能力」为前提。

六、冒险区（venture zone）

相互贯通的治疗收益被埃谢尔命名为冒险区。这是本概念最具操作性的一节：

This new, actualized, more able, and more daring interconnected psychic space becomes the venture zone of the change process, in which the analyst’s willingness and capacity to risk, feel, bear, and process the relived terrifying and painful experiences is crucial for actualizing a new emotional possibility (Eshel, 2004a, 2005a).

— Eshel, Interconnectedness，「THE BE(COM)ING OF A NEW DIMENSION」

句中四个动词——risk, feel, bear, process——标定了分析师在此区中的工作；而「新情绪可能性能否现实化（actualizing a new emotional possibility）」则把分析师的承受力直接设定为治疗结果的决定项，而非背景条件。

同一段落在此之前给出的，是这一空间所能通达之物的清单——非线性的（协同的与超越的）新可能性：

Within the deep interconnected existence of their psyches, an actual, nonlinear (synergic and transcendent), new possibility is created and present, of getting in touch with, experiencing, knowing, containing, and effecting hitherto unknown, dissociated, unthinkable aspects of being and relating (Eshel 2001, 2002, 2004a, 2004b, 2005a, 2006, 2008, 2009a, 2009b).

— Eshel, Interconnectedness，「THE BE(COM)ING OF A NEW DIMENSION」

七、突破与改变既有的心理空间

相互贯通不是保守治疗，它改变患者（与分析师）既有的心理空间，并要求分析师愿意被交付出去：

It implies breaching and changing the patient’s (and analyst’s) psychic space—through the analyst’s readiness to be given over to this interconnection.

— Eshel, Interconnectedness，「THE BE(COM)ING OF A NEW DIMENSION」

Such interconnection means changing the patient’s (and analyst’s) already existing psychic space.

— Eshel, Withness，「WHAT KIND OF ANALYTIC PRESENCE AND “WITHNESS” WOULD THAT BE?」

Their interconnected psychic existence—through the analyst’s readiness to be given over to this interconnection—creates an actual, nonlinear (synergic and transcendent) new possibility of getting in touch with, wit(h)nessing, experiencing, containing, and affecting hitherto unknown, dissociated, unthinkable aspects of being and relating.

— Eshel, Withness，「WHAT KIND OF ANALYTIC PRESENCE AND “WITHNESS” WOULD THAT BE?」

八、时间性：过去—现在的现实性与「在生成状态中」

相互贯通中的时间既非过去亦非现在，而是过去—现在的汇聚；侵入现在的过去，被患者—分析师共同活过的当下之持续历史所改变：

In terms of time, it is an actual process of becoming that is neither the past nor the present. Rather, it is a past–present convergence, past–present actuality, where the past that has invaded the present is altered by the ongoing history of the patient–analyst lived moment. In other words, the past that actualizes within the patient–analyst’s new psychic space does not merely repeat itself in the present, but can be experienced, processed, and transformed in statu nascendi (Eshel 2004b).

— Eshel, Withness，「WHAT KIND OF ANALYTIC PRESENCE AND “WITHNESS” WOULD THAT BE?」

埃谢尔在此加注说明「现实化（actualize）」的双重含义——在当下，并在现实化的过程中，即试图把那未曾发生之事带入存在：

Here I intend actualize in its two meanings: “In the present and in the process of actualization, that is, trying to bring into existence what didn’t happen” (Pontalis 2003, p. 45).

— Eshel, Withness，「WHAT KIND OF ANALYTIC PRESENCE AND “WITHNESS” WOULD THAT BE?」注释 4

九、焦点：不是一人或二人的知识，而是贯通中的知识

埃谢尔反复申明，这一维度所关注的知识、经验与存在方式，既不是以患者为中心的一人模式，也不是互动的二人模式：

This point of view focuses predominantly on a different kind of knowledge, experience, and way of being in the analytic process—not that of a patient-centered, one-person mode or an interactive, two-person mode, but on the knowledge, experience, and powerful effects that come into being when the analyst/therapist interconnects with the patient’s psyche in living through the process.

— Eshel, Withness，「WHAT KIND OF ANALYTIC PRESENCE AND “WITHNESS” WOULD THAT BE?」

This point of view focuses predominantly on a different kind of knowledge, experience, and way of being in the analytic process—not that of a patient-centered one-person psychology or an interactive two-person psychology, but on the knowledge, experience, and powerful effects that come into being when the analyst/therapist interconnects with the patient’s psyche in going through the process.

— Eshel, Interconnectedness，「THE BE(COM)ING OF A NEW DIMENSION」

十、延伸：心灵感应梦作为「不可能的」极端

埃谢尔把患者心灵感应梦的神秘发生，纳入同一个更大的戏剧——患者—分析师的无意识沟通与心理相互贯通：

In a later paper (Eshel, 2006), I referred to the mysterious occurrences of patients’ telepathic dreams in treatment as an enigmatic “impossible” extreme of this larger drama and mystery of patient–analyst unconscious communication and psychic interconnectedness in the analytic process. That our reach exceeds our grasp is really the heart of the matter.

— Eshel, Interconnectedness，「THE BE(COM)ING OF A NEW DIMENSION」

在她的自述中，与患者同行的这条「意外的发现之旅」正是穿越黑洞、死寂感、嗜睡、解离、石化与沉默，进入倒错的深处与心灵感应梦之谜：

Thus, I went with my patients on a psychoanalytic serendipitous journey through “black holes,” through feelings of deadness, sleepiness, dissociation, petrification and silences, yearnings and longings, into the depths of perversion, and the enigma of telepathic dreams (Eshel 1998a, 1998b, 2001, 2004a, 2004b, 2005b, 2006, 2008, 2009a, 2009b).

— Eshel, Interconnectedness，「THE BE(COM)ING OF A NEW DIMENSION」

十一、代价：边界、淹没与负担

相互贯通要求分析师在深层的、形成性的水平上向患者及其世界敞开自己心理的边界：

The critical question here is to what extent the analyst is prepared to open the boundaries of his or her psyche to the patient and the patient’s world, especially in difficult, unbearable and devastated/devastating states, and allow the patient and him-/herself emotional contact and interconnectedness at a deep, formative level.

— Eshel, Withness，「WHAT KIND OF ANALYTIC PRESENCE AND “WITHNESS” WOULD THAT BE?」

Yet, at the same time, I have come to realize, wistfully, that it is also a heavy burden and responsibility that have to be carried along a long, agonizing road before true transformation is reached. Do I dare be the analyst who is truly being and becoming with-in? I am in.

— Eshel, Interconnectedness，「AFTERWORD」

⚠️ 矛盾标注
议题：治疗究竟是揭示既有的被压抑现实，还是创造新的精神现实？
A 方立场：埃谢尔（借玻姆的量子语言）——「As in quantum reality, treatment thus creates psychic reality, and goes beyond the exposing or deciphering of an existing repressed or concealed psychic reality.」（Eshel, Interconnectedness，「THE BE(COM)ING OF A NEW DIMENSION」）
B 方立场：当代各家关于诠释的收敛立场——Govrin：「it doesn’t simply decode what already exists but participates in creating new forms of psychic reality.」（Govrin, Interpretation，导论）；阿隆：「interpretation is best thought of as the quintessential container and purveyor of intersubjectivity between patient and analyst」。
备注：A、B 在「治疗不是解码」上一致，故此项属可调和的侧重点差异而非范式对立：B 保留了「参与创造」中「既有材料」的一侧，A 则以量子隐喻把重点完全推向「创造」。真正的分歧仍在位置（之内／之间），见 concept-withness 第三节的矛盾标注。

关键引文

  1. it is not a one-person or two-person psychology, but a process whereby patient and analyst become an emergent two-in-one new entity that is fundamentally inseparable into its two participants: an entity (unit or being) of interconnectedness, “twogetherness,” or “withness,” of essential inseparability.
    — Eshel, Interconnectedness，「THE BE(COM)ING OF A NEW DIMENSION」

  2. It is an interconnected rather than interactive relatedness, a primary quality of presence that provides experience-near attunement, holding, containing, and protection, rather than interpreting patient–analyst relationships and especially patient–analyst separateness.
    — Eshel, Interconnectedness，「THE BE(COM)ING OF A NEW DIMENSION」

  3. As in quantum reality, treatment thus creates psychic reality, and goes beyond the exposing or deciphering of an existing repressed or concealed psychic reality.
    — Eshel, Interconnectedness，「THE BE(COM)ING OF A NEW DIMENSION」

  4. This unified counterpart in psychoanalysis may be described as the implicate order (Bohm 1980) of psychoanalysis.
    — Eshel, Withness，「WHAT KIND OF ANALYTIC PRESENCE AND “WITHNESS” WOULD THAT BE?」

  5. It is my view that containing evolves through the interconnectedness of patient and analyst’s psyches, whereby the analyst’s psyche is used as an area of experiencing and transformation for the patient’s projected, split-off, unbearable experiences (Eshel, 2004b).
    — Eshel, Interconnectedness，「THE BE(COM)ING OF A NEW DIMENSION」

  6. This new, actualized, more able, and more daring interconnected psychic space becomes the venture zone of the change process, in which the analyst’s willingness and capacity to risk, feel, bear, and process the relived terrifying and painful experiences is crucial for actualizing a new emotional possibility (Eshel, 2004a, 2005a).
    — Eshel, Interconnectedness，「THE BE(COM)ING OF A NEW DIMENSION」

关联

引用来源

  • eshel-interconnectedness — 本页主要来源：「本质上不可分离」的定义、量子式相互贯通、涵容经由相互贯通、冒险区、心理空间的突破、负担与后记
  • eshel-withness — 提供另一个经验维度的入口、隐缠序的命名、过去—现在的现实性与 in statu nascendi、与其他表述的谱系关系
  • govrin-interpretation — 提供「治疗创造而非解码」这一当代收敛立场的对照引文

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